Public Housing Framework™

Housing Stability Index™ for Raleigh

A structured public framework for understanding housing stability in practical civic terms

March 2026 15 min read Framework

The Housing Stability Index™ is a structured framework designed to help residents, researchers, community organizations, and public officials understand housing stability in practical public terms. It is an educational tool, not a diagnostic instrument or professional assessment.

About This Framework

This framework organizes housing stability considerations into five primary dimensions: affordability pressure, condition risk, displacement exposure, ownership security, and resident vulnerability. Each dimension includes structured categories designed for public understanding and civic awareness.

Framework Dimensions

  • Affordability Pressure
  • Condition Risk
  • Displacement Exposure
  • Ownership Security
  • Resident Vulnerability

Dimension 1: Affordability Pressure

Affordability pressure measures the relationship between housing costs and household income. High affordability pressure occurs when housing costs consume significant portions of household budgets, limiting resources for other essentials and reducing financial resilience.

Affordability Pressure Categories

Low Affordability Pressure

Housing costs 30% or less of gross household income; household has flexibility for savings, emergencies, and other needs

Moderate Affordability Pressure

Housing costs 30-40% of gross household income; budget flexibility is reduced but basic needs can generally be met

High Affordability Pressure

Housing costs 40-50% of gross household income; significant budget strain with limited flexibility for unexpected expenses

Severe Affordability Pressure

Housing costs more than 50% of gross household income; severe budget constraints affecting basic needs and financial stability

Dimension 2: Condition Risk

Condition risk refers to the likelihood that a housing unit may develop problems affecting habitability, safety, or livability. This includes structural issues, system failures, environmental hazards, and maintenance deferred beyond reasonable standards.

Condition Risk Categories

Low Condition Risk

Unit is well-maintained, meets habitability standards, and has functional systems; no significant repairs needed in foreseeable future

Moderate Condition Risk

Unit has some deferred maintenance or minor system issues; repairs will be needed within 1-3 years

Elevated Condition Risk

Unit has significant deferred maintenance, multiple system issues, or code compliance concerns; repairs needed within 12 months

High Condition Risk

Unit has serious habitability concerns, safety hazards, or significant deferred maintenance affecting quality of life; immediate attention needed

Dimension 3: Displacement Exposure

Displacement exposure measures the likelihood that a resident may be forced to leave their current housing. This includes involuntary moves due to rent increases, eviction, foreclosure, property sale, or neighborhood conditions beyond individual control.

Displacement Exposure Categories

Low Displacement Exposure

Stable tenancy with long-term lease or ownership; housing costs are sustainable; neighborhood conditions are stable

Moderate Displacement Exposure

Some uncertainty about renewal; moderate affordability pressure; some neighborhood change occurring but manageable

High Displacement Exposure

Month-to-month tenancy or expiring lease; significant rent increases projected; neighborhood undergoing rapid change

Critical Displacement Exposure

Active eviction, foreclosure, or sale; acute affordability crisis; immediate threat to housing stability

Dimension 4: Ownership Security

Ownership security measures the stability and protection associated with different housing tenure types. Homeowners generally face less displacement risk than renters, but ownership security can vary based on mortgage status, property liens, and financial circumstances.

Ownership Security Categories

High Ownership Security

Clear ownership, stable mortgage or owned outright, no foreclosure risk

Moderate Ownership Security

Stable mortgage with equity, manageable payments, low foreclosure risk

Low Ownership Security

Underwater mortgage, payment difficulties, or other factors increasing risk

Dimension 5: Resident Vulnerability

Resident vulnerability identifies populations facing heightened housing challenges due to age, income, disability, or household composition. This dimension helps understand which residents may need additional support during housing disruptions.

Vulnerability Categories

Low Vulnerability

Adults of working age, stable income, no significant vulnerability factors

Moderate Vulnerability

Some vulnerability factors such as fixed income, single-parent household, or disability

Elevated Vulnerability

Multiple vulnerability factors combined with limited resources or support systems

High Vulnerability

Extreme age, severe disability, or other critical factors requiring significant support

Learn More About Housing Stability

Explore related frameworks and resources for understanding housing stability

Sources & References

  • U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, housing and demographic data
  • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) data and reports
  • City of Raleigh housing studies and planning documents
  • Wake County housing and demographic data
  • Raleigh Housing Authority reports and data

About This Analysis

This article is part of Raleigh Rebuild's ongoing public-interest research initiative. The Housing Stability Index™ is an educational framework designed to help residents, researchers, and community organizations understand housing stability in practical public terms. It is not a diagnostic instrument or professional assessment. Individual housing situations vary significantly based on personal circumstances.

Citation Guidance

This content may be referenced with attribution to Raleigh Rebuild.

Learn More About Housing Stability

Explore related frameworks and resources for understanding housing stability